by Gloria Nosa
A Victorian-era disease long thought to be under control is making an alarming resurgence across the United Kingdom. Health authorities have issued a major warning as record numbers of cases of a rare but dangerous infection — historically referred to as a “bleeding disease” — have been reported in 2025, sparking public concern and renewed scrutiny from medical experts.
According to the latest data released by the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), over 500 confirmed cases of Invasive Group A Streptococcus (iGAS) — a severe form of infection caused by the same bacteria responsible for scarlet fever and strep throat — have been documented within the first half of the year, marking the highest number ever recorded in a 6-month span.
What is the ‘Bleeding Disease’?
The illness in question is not a new discovery but rather a historical condition that plagued communities in the 19th century and was commonly referred to as a “bleeding disease” due to its symptoms, which can include spontaneous bruising, nosebleeds, and internal hemorrhaging in severe cases. Today, scientists understand that these symptoms stem from complications caused by invasive Group A Streptococcus (iGAS), a bacterial infection that, when left untreated, can lead to necrotizing fasciitis (flesh-eating disease), sepsis, toxic shock syndrome, and internal bleeding.
Although milder forms of Group A strep are common and usually present as sore throats or skin infections, the invasive type is rare and far more dangerous, especially among the elderly, immunocompromised individuals, and children under 10.
The Recent Spike: A Post-Pandemic Surge
Public health experts believe several factors have contributed to the recent surge in iGAS cases:
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Lowered immunity among the population following extended periods of COVID-19-related social distancing and lockdowns.
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Delayed healthcare access, which has caused many infections to progress before being properly diagnosed.
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A notable rise in scarlet fever outbreaks, often seen as a precursor to more severe Group A strep infections.
According to Dr. Louise Hargreaves, an infectious disease specialist at the Royal College of Physicians, “We are now seeing the consequences of years of reduced exposure to common pathogens. What was once relatively rare is now re-emerging in alarming numbers.”
Symptoms to Watch For
Health officials are urging the public to remain vigilant, especially parents and caregivers. Early signs of iGAS can easily be mistaken for less serious conditions, which makes rapid diagnosis critical.
Common symptoms include:
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High fever
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Sore throat
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Swollen lymph nodes
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Skin rashes resembling sunburn
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Unexplained bruising or bleeding
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Difficulty breathing or swallowing
In advanced stages, patients may experience organ failure, internal bleeding, and life-threatening septic shock. Anyone experiencing these symptoms, especially in combination, is strongly advised to seek immediate medical attention.
Government and NHS Response
In response to the growing crisis, the UK government has rolled out a series of emergency measures:
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Increased surveillance and rapid testing in schools, care homes, and hospitals.
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Public awareness campaigns across digital platforms to educate families on symptoms.
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Stockpiling of antibiotics such as penicillin and clindamycin, which remain the first line of treatment against iGAS.
The NHS has also issued new guidance to General Practitioners (GPs) and emergency departments to prioritize testing for Group A strep in patients presenting with fever and rash symptoms.
Looking Ahead: Could Vaccination Be the Solution?
There is currently no vaccine for Group A strep, though several trials are underway. Experts believe that investment in vaccine development could help prevent future outbreaks and reduce reliance on antibiotics.
Until then, the public is encouraged to maintain good hygiene, avoid sharing personal items like utensils or towels, and remain aware of early warning signs.
The re-emergence of a Victorian-era “bleeding disease” in the UK is a stark reminder that old pathogens can resurface in new and unexpected ways. While modern medicine is far more advanced than it was a century ago, vigilance, education, and timely treatment remain our best defense.
As health authorities continue to monitor the situation, the message is clear: do not ignore unusual symptoms — early detection could save lives.
