How to identify the warning signs of a stroke

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Did you know that strokes are the second leading cause of death and the third leading cause of disability in the world? The information comes from a report by the World Health Organization (WHO). But how can you identify the symptoms of a stroke, which can easily be confused with other diseases? We have listed some warning signs that you should look out for. Click to find out more.

Dangerous diseaseDangerous disease

In 2015, 6.2 million people died of a stroke, according to WHO. The stroke, which is only surpassed by ischemic heart disease, is second in the organization’s survey of the top 10 causes of death worldwide.

What is a stroke?What is a stroke?

According to WHO, a stroke is the sudden death of some brain cells due to lack of oxygen. It happens when blood flow to the brain is lost by blockage or rupture of an artery in the brain.

Quick responseQuick response

When it comes to detecting strokes and getting help, the faster, the better. This is because immediate treatment can make the difference between life and death, or the difference between a complete recovery and a long-term disability.

Diagnosis
Diagnosis

To identify the symptoms of a stroke, the American Stroke Association (ASA) advises to make a F.A.S.T. assessment, looking for signs of face (F) drooping, arm (A) weakness, speech (S) difficulty. If you notice all of these then it’s time (T) to make an emergency call. Most stroke cases can only be identified with this test.

Face
Face
The first stage of F.A.S.T. is to observe if one side of the face has drooped. Ask the person to smile. Is the person’s smile uneven or unbalanced?
Arms
Arms
Does the person feel weakness in their arms? Ask the person to raise both arms. Is one of them lower than the other or is the person unable to lift one of their arms?

 

Speech
Speech
Ask the person to say a simple sentence. Does the person has difficulty speaking? Is the person slurring their speech?

 

Time
Time
According to the ASA, if someone shows any of these symptoms, even if they disappear, call the emergency services and tell them that it may be a stroke. Help will be sent immediately.

 

Emergency
Emergency
Time is of utmost importance and help must be urgently requested even if you are not sure whether the symptoms are of a stroke.

 

Describe the symptomsDescribe the symptoms

 

Other signs

Other signs

When calling the emergency services, report the symptoms to the phone operator.

 

DisorientationDisorientation

Does the person suddenly feel confused, have difficulty speaking or understanding what you’re saying?

 

Body numbnessBody numbness
Other symptoms that may appear are sudden numbness or weakness in the face, arm or leg. Especially on one side of the body.

 

How’s the vision?How's the vision?

Does the person experience unexpected problems in one or both eyes?

 

Dizziness
Dizziness
Trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination may be other symptoms of a stroke.

 

Headache
Headache
Is the person experiencing a very severe headache without any apparent cause?

 

Types of strokesTypes of strokes
There are two variations of stroke: ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke.

 

Ischemic strokeIschemic stroke
This is the most common type of stroke, affecting about 80% of patients. This stroke variation is caused by lack of blood supply to the brain.

 

Ischemic stroke sub-typeIschemic stroke subtype 
Within this variant of stroke, there is also Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA), which is characterized by a passing clog in one of the blood vessels.

 

Ischemic stroke risk factorsIschemic stroke risk factors
Some behaviors and clinical states may contribute to this type of stroke, including high blood pressure, obesity, high cholesterol, family history of heart disease or diabetes, alcohol abuse, and smoking.

 

Hemorrhagic strokeHemorrhagic stroke

 

This type of stroke is the least common. It occurs when there is a rupture of a blood vessel inside a person’s skull.

 

Hemorrhagic stroke risk factorHemorrhagic stroke risk factor
Risk factors include obesity, alcohol abuse, smoking, stress, and having a sedentary lifestyle.

 

Most affected groupsMost affected groups
Stroke cases are more common in adults over 65.

 

Most affected groupMost affected groups
Pregnancy and the use of contraceptives may increase the risk of the disease in women.

 

Diagnosis
Diagnosis
At the clinical examination, a doctor will ask questions about the patient’s symptoms and check if they are continuous. The physician will also want to know about any medication the patient takes, as well as their family history of heart disease and stroke.

 

Medical examMedical exam
The doctor will examine some signs like blood pressure and heart rate. The doctor may also examine their eyes.

 

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